Working and Living Conditions of Workers in
In most mining firms, the number of workers employed by independent contractors is nearly half that of the permanent staff. For instance, Konkola Copper Mine (KCM) reports that it has about 6,500 direct employees and 6,000 contract employees (LIZ, 2016). Mopani Copper Mine reports 9,372 direct employees and 11,014 contract employees (LIZ, 2016